Literature analysis for language learners: I österled - En bokfilm om svenska frivilligkåren by

I österled - En bokfilm om svenska frivilligkåren by : Difficulty Assessment for Swedish Learners

How difficult is I österled - En bokfilm om svenska frivilligkåren for Swedish learners? We have performed multiple tests on its full text (freely available here) of approximately 55,870, crunched all the numbers for you and present the results below.

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Difficulty Assessment Summary

We have estimated I österled - En bokfilm om svenska frivilligkåren to have a difficulty score of 74. Here're its scores:

Measure Score
easy difficult (1 - 100)
Overall Difficulty 74% 74
Vocabulary Difficulty 86% 86
Grammatical Difficulty 63% 63

Vocabulary Difficulty: Breakdown

86%

Vocabulary difficulty: 86%

This score has been calculated based on frequency vocabulary (the top most frequently used words in Swedish). It combines various measures of I österled - En bokfilm om svenska frivilligkåren's text analyzed in terms of frequency vocabulary: a plain vocabulary score, frequency-weighted vocabulary score, banded frequency vocabulary scores based on vocabulary of the text falling in the top 1,000 or 2,000 most frequent words, etc. Here's a further breakdown of how often the top most frequently used words in Swedish appear in the full text of I österled - En bokfilm om svenska frivilligkåren:

Vocabulary difficulty breakdown for I österled - En bokfilm om svenska frivilligkåren: a test for Swedish top frequency vocabulary

We have also calculated the following approximate data on the vocabulary in I österled - En bokfilm om svenska frivilligkåren:

Measure Score
Measure Score
Number of words 55,870
Number of unique words 12,861
Number of recognized words for names/places/other entities 2,968
Number of very rare non-entity words 4,159
Number of sentences 10,272
Average number of words/sentence 5

There is some research suggesting that that you need to know about 98% of a text's vocabulary in order to be able to infer the meaning of unknown words when reading. If true, this means that you would need to know around 12,603 words (where all the forms of the word are still counted as unique words) in Swedish to be able to read I österled - En bokfilm om svenska frivilligkåren without a dictionary and fully understand it.

Grammatical Difficulty: Breakdown

63%

Grammatical difficulty: 63%

Here is the further grammatical comparison on this text. You can find an explanation of all these scores below.

Measure Score
Measure Score
Automated Readability Index 7
Coleman-Liau Index 10
Type/Token Ratio (TTR) 0.230195
Root type/Token Ratio (RTTR) 0.00000412019
Corrected type/Token Ratio (CTTR) 0.0000020601
MTLD Index 74
HDD Index 70
Yule's I Index 85
Lexical Diversity Index (MTLD + HD-D + Yule's I) 76

The type-token ratio (TTR) of I österled - En bokfilm om svenska frivilligkåren is 0.230195. The TTR is the most basic measure of lexical diversity. To calculate it, we divide the number of unique words by the number of words in the text. For example, for this text, the number of unique words is 12,861, while the number of words is 55,870, so the TTR is 12,861 / 55,870 = 0.230195. However, the TTR is a very crude measure, as it is extremely dependent on text length. The longer the text, the lower the TTR is usually going to be, since common words tend to often repeat. Especially since the number of words in this text is more than 1,000, the TTR is not likely to give an accurate measure.

The root type-token ratio (RTTR) and corrected type-token ratio (CTTR) are measures which were suggested by researchers to partially address the problem of TTR's variance on text length. In the RTTR, the number of unique words is divided by a square of the number of words (therefore, 12,861 / (55,870 * 55,870) = 0.00000412019), while in CTTR, it is divided by a square of the number of words, multiplied twice 12,861 / 2 * (55,870 * 55,870) = 0.0000020601). However, these measures are not as easily readable, and also there is a growing body of research asserting that CTTR and RTTR do not effectively address the problems of text length. Therefore, while we do provide the full text's TTR, RTTR and CTTR on this page, these fiqures do not form part of our final calculations.

The Automated Readability Index (ARI) is one readability measure that has been developed by researchers over the years. The formula for calculating the ARI is as follows:
Formula for calculating the Automated Readability Index

The ARI should compute a reading level approximately corresponding to the reader's grade level (assuming the reader undertakes formal education). Thus, for example, a value of 1 is kindergarten level, while a value of 12 or 13 is the last year of school, and 14 is a sophomore at college. The current ARI of this text is 7, making it understandable for 7-grade students at their expected level of education.

The Coleman Liau Index (CLI) is a similar index designed by Meri Coleman and T. L. Liau, and it is supposed to compute the grade level of the reader (thus, for example, sophomore level material would be around grade 14, or year 14 of formal education, while kindergarten / primary school level material would be close to grade 1 in the CLI). The CLI is usually slightly higher than the ARI. The CLI is computed with this formula:
Formula for calculating the Coleman-Liau Readability Index

It is notable that other indexes exist, such as the Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease, Gunning-Fog Score, and others, but we have chosen not to include them, since, contrary to the ARI and CLI, such other indexes are based on a syllable count and therefore arguably only work for English and not Swedish.

We compute a further compound lexical diversity index, which should range from 1 to a 100 (with the standard deviation being around 10, and its average value being around 50) - it is 76 in the present case. The compound lexical diversity index consists of the following indexes, averaged out (and also provided in the table above):

  • the Measure of Textual Lexical Diversity (MTLD) index - a measure which is based on computing the TTR for increasingly larger parts of the text until the TTR drops below a certain threshold point (around 0.7 in our case) - in which case, the TTR is reset, and the overall counter is increased; the counter is at the end divided by the number of words in text; as a result, the MTLD does not significantly vary by text length;
  • the Yule's I index (based on Yule's K characteristic inverted) - an index based on the work of the statistician G.U. Yule, who published his index of Frequency Vocabulary in his paper "The statistical study of literary vocabulary"; Yule's I takes into account the number of words in the text, and a compound summed measure of word frequency;
  • the Hypergeometric Distribution D (HD-D) index (based on vocd) - an index which assesses the contribution of each word to the diversity of the text; to calculate such contributions, a hypergeometric distribution is used to compute probabilities of each word appearing in word samples extracted from the text; then such distributions are divided by sample sizes and added up;

Our overall measure of grammatical diversity is based on a combination of the compound lexical diversity index (which includes the MTLD, Yule's I and HD-D indexes), the ARI and CLI, all normalized and given certain weight. The score should normally range from 1 to 100. In this case, the score is 63.

Other Information about I österled - En bokfilm om svenska frivilligkåren by

We provide you a sample of the text below, however, the full text of the I österled - En bokfilm om svenska frivilligkåren is also available free of charge on our website.

Sample of text:

m. maskerades omsorgsfullt, och jag tror ej, att ryssarna fingo full klarhet om batteriplatsens läge, även ,om de visste den ungefärliga plats, där den var att söka. I anslutning till varje pjäs byggdes ett litet starkt skyddsrum för serviserna att användas, då batteriplatsen var utsatt för beskjutning. Ammunitionsnischer utfördes vid varje pjäs. Som förläggning användes större skyddsrum belägna några 100-tals m från pjäserna. T. v.: 2:a batteriet vid Grupp II i eldställning vid Märkäjärvi. T. h.: Avbrutna trädtoppar visa att de svenska granaterna haglat kring det ryska O-värnet på Märkävaara. ...

Top most frequently used words in I österled - En bokfilm om svenska frivilligkåren by *

Position Word Repetitions Part of all words
Position Word Repetitions Part of all words
1 och 1,745 3.12%
2 att 1,087 1.95%
3 som 858 1.54%
4 av 842 1.51%
5 en 764 1.37%
6 till 674 1.21%
7 för 658 1.18%
8 den 640 1.15%
9 det 623 1.12%
10 med 614 1.1%
11 de 546 0.98%
12 på 544 0.97%
13 var 474 0.85%
14 ett 407 0.73%
15 vid 317 0.57%
16 jag 265 0.47%
17 Finland 252 0.45%
18 från 242 0.43%
19 under 239 0.43%
20 sig 226 0.4%
21 om 224 0.4%
22 hade 217 0.39%
23 vi 208 0.37%
24 är 205 0.37%
25 man 203 0.36%
26 så 192 0.34%
27 mot 175 0.31%
28 skulle 168 0.3%
29 finska 165 0.3%
30 över 157 0.28%
31 då 149 0.27%
32 inte 144 0.26%
33 men 142 0.25%
34 kunde 135 0.24%
35 svenska 134 0.24%
36 oss 128 0.23%
37 icke 126 0.23%
38 Sverige 119 0.21%
39 ryska 114 0.2%
40 sin 109 0.2%
41 Finlands 107 0.19%
42 kom 107 0.19%
43 där 106 0.19%
44 än 104 0.19%
45 voro 104 0.19%
46 även 103 0.18%
47 blev 101 0.18%
48 efter 100 0.18%
49 har 98 0.18%
50 mig 97 0.17%
51 Kemijärvi 96 0.17%
52 eller 91 0.16%
53 ej 91 0.16%
54 utan 91 0.16%
55 första 90 0.16%
56 måste 85 0.15%
57 fick 85 0.15%
58 genom 85 0.15%
59 sina 82 0.15%
60 detta 82 0.15%
61 dem 82 0.15%
62 vara 81 0.14%
63 när 80 0.14%
64 denna 80 0.14%
65 alla 79 0.14%
66 fronten 76 0.14%
67 Torneå 76 0.14%
68 ut 76 0.14%
69 få 74 0.13%
70 vår 74 0.13%
71 Märkäjärvi 74 0.13%
72 kåren 71 0.13%
73 frivilliga 71 0.13%
74 dessa 70 0.13%
75 sitt 70 0.13%
76 ha 70 0.13%
77 gick 68 0.12%
78 han 67 0.12%
79 samt 66 0.12%
80 dess 65 0.12%
81 Frivilligkåren 65 0.12%
82 upp 65 0.12%
83 tid 64 0.11%
84 aldrig 63 0.11%
85 många 63 0.11%
86 mycket 63 0.11%
87 också 61 0.11%
88 endast 61 0.11%
89 några 61 0.11%
90 här 61 0.11%
91 två 61 0.11%
92 nu 60 0.11%
93 stora 59 0.11%
94 del 59 0.11%
95 Kemi 58 0.1%
96 hela 58 0.1%
97 allt 56 0.1%
98 andra 56 0.1%
99 fram 55 0.1%
100 dock 55 0.1%
101 gruppen 53 0.09%
102 gjorde 53 0.09%
103 kunna 52 0.09%
104 II 52 0.09%
105 vad 52 0.09%
106 våra 51 0.09%
107 kompaniet 50 0.09%
108 göra 50 0.09%
109 kan 49 0.09%
110 vilka 49 0.09%
111 något 49 0.09%
112 mellan 49 0.09%
113 väl 49 0.09%
114 sedan 48 0.09%
115 deras 47 0.08%
116 kriget 46 0.08%
117 början 46 0.08%
118 någon 46 0.08%
119 Sveriges 45 0.08%
120 folk 45 0.08%
121 mitt 44 0.08%
122 vårt 43 0.08%
123 in 43 0.08%
124 februari 43 0.08%
125 Rovaniemi 42 0.08%
126 tiden 42 0.08%
127 min 41 0.07%
128 skall 41 0.07%
129 stor 41 0.07%
130 Stockholm 39 0.07%
131 större 39 0.07%
132 varit 39 0.07%
133 sak 39 0.07%
134 inom 38 0.07%
135 tre 38 0.07%
136 emellertid 38 0.07%
137 varje 38 0.07%
138 överstelöjtnant 38 0.07%
139 dag 37 0.07%
140 hans 37 0.07%
141 förband 37 0.07%
142 mars 36 0.06%
143 dels 36 0.06%
144 senare 36 0.06%
145 svensk 36 0.06%
146 hjälp 36 0.06%
147 ur 35 0.06%
148 kände 35 0.06%
149 sätt 35 0.06%
150 därför 35 0.06%
151 stod 35 0.06%
152 visade 34 0.06%
153 tillfälle 34 0.06%
154 olika 34 0.06%
155 uppgift 34 0.06%
156 land 34 0.06%
157 ryssarna 34 0.06%
158 komma 34 0.06%
159 gå 33 0.06%
160 bli 33 0.06%
161 åt 33 0.06%
162 Gr 33 0.06%
163 började 33 0.06%
164 redan 33 0.06%
165 13 33 0.06%
166 arbete 33 0.06%
167 gång 32 0.06%
168 krig 32 0.06%
169 äro 32 0.06%
170 helt 32 0.06%
171 sida 32 0.06%
172 sista 31 0.06%
173 gällde 31 0.06%

This list excludes punctuation or single-letter words, also some different-case repeats of the same words.

If you think the text would be accessible to you, you can read it on our site (click on the cover to access):

Cover of I österled - En bokfilm om svenska frivilligkåren by

Other resources and languages

If you like this analysis, you should have a look at out our lists of Swedish short stories and Swedish books.

If you like literature as a means to learn languages - please take a look at our project Interlinear Books. We even have a Swedish Interlinear book available for purchase.