Literature analysis for language learners: Vildmarkens vår. Skildringar från Kongo av infödda lärare by

Vildmarkens vår. Skildringar från Kongo av infödda lärare by : Difficulty Assessment for Swedish Learners

How difficult is Vildmarkens vår. Skildringar från Kongo av infödda lärare for Swedish learners? We have performed multiple tests on its full text (freely available here) of approximately 60,725, crunched all the numbers for you and present the results below.

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Difficulty Assessment Summary

We have estimated Vildmarkens vår. Skildringar från Kongo av infödda lärare to have a difficulty score of 53. Here're its scores:

Measure Score
easy difficult (1 - 100)
Overall Difficulty 53% 53
Vocabulary Difficulty 59% 59
Grammatical Difficulty 47% 47

Vocabulary Difficulty: Breakdown

59%

Vocabulary difficulty: 59%

This score has been calculated based on frequency vocabulary (the top most frequently used words in Swedish). It combines various measures of Vildmarkens vår. Skildringar från Kongo av infödda lärare's text analyzed in terms of frequency vocabulary: a plain vocabulary score, frequency-weighted vocabulary score, banded frequency vocabulary scores based on vocabulary of the text falling in the top 1,000 or 2,000 most frequent words, etc. Here's a further breakdown of how often the top most frequently used words in Swedish appear in the full text of Vildmarkens vår. Skildringar från Kongo av infödda lärare:

Vocabulary difficulty breakdown for Vildmarkens vår. Skildringar från Kongo av infödda lärare: a test for Swedish top frequency vocabulary

We have also calculated the following approximate data on the vocabulary in Vildmarkens vår. Skildringar från Kongo av infödda lärare:

Measure Score
Measure Score
Number of words 60,725
Number of unique words 8,454
Number of recognized words for names/places/other entities 1,822
Number of very rare non-entity words 1,962
Number of sentences 10,567
Average number of words/sentence 6

There is some research suggesting that that you need to know about 98% of a text's vocabulary in order to be able to infer the meaning of unknown words when reading. If true, this means that you would need to know around 8,284 words (where all the forms of the word are still counted as unique words) in Swedish to be able to read Vildmarkens vår. Skildringar från Kongo av infödda lärare without a dictionary and fully understand it.

Grammatical Difficulty: Breakdown

47%

Grammatical difficulty: 47%

Here is the further grammatical comparison on this text. You can find an explanation of all these scores below.

Measure Score
Measure Score
Automated Readability Index 3
Coleman-Liau Index 6
Type/Token Ratio (TTR) 0.139218
Root type/Token Ratio (RTTR) 0.00000229259
Corrected type/Token Ratio (CTTR) 0.0000011463
MTLD Index 54
HDD Index 66
Yule's I Index 73
Lexical Diversity Index (MTLD + HD-D + Yule's I) 64

The type-token ratio (TTR) of Vildmarkens vår. Skildringar från Kongo av infödda lärare is 0.139218. The TTR is the most basic measure of lexical diversity. To calculate it, we divide the number of unique words by the number of words in the text. For example, for this text, the number of unique words is 8,454, while the number of words is 60,725, so the TTR is 8,454 / 60,725 = 0.139218. However, the TTR is a very crude measure, as it is extremely dependent on text length. The longer the text, the lower the TTR is usually going to be, since common words tend to often repeat. Especially since the number of words in this text is more than 1,000, the TTR is not likely to give an accurate measure.

The root type-token ratio (RTTR) and corrected type-token ratio (CTTR) are measures which were suggested by researchers to partially address the problem of TTR's variance on text length. In the RTTR, the number of unique words is divided by a square of the number of words (therefore, 8,454 / (60,725 * 60,725) = 0.00000229259), while in CTTR, it is divided by a square of the number of words, multiplied twice 8,454 / 2 * (60,725 * 60,725) = 0.0000011463). However, these measures are not as easily readable, and also there is a growing body of research asserting that CTTR and RTTR do not effectively address the problems of text length. Therefore, while we do provide the full text's TTR, RTTR and CTTR on this page, these fiqures do not form part of our final calculations.

The Automated Readability Index (ARI) is one readability measure that has been developed by researchers over the years. The formula for calculating the ARI is as follows:
Formula for calculating the Automated Readability Index

The ARI should compute a reading level approximately corresponding to the reader's grade level (assuming the reader undertakes formal education). Thus, for example, a value of 1 is kindergarten level, while a value of 12 or 13 is the last year of school, and 14 is a sophomore at college. The current ARI of this text is 3, making it understandable for 3-grade students at their expected level of education.

The Coleman Liau Index (CLI) is a similar index designed by Meri Coleman and T. L. Liau, and it is supposed to compute the grade level of the reader (thus, for example, sophomore level material would be around grade 14, or year 14 of formal education, while kindergarten / primary school level material would be close to grade 1 in the CLI). The CLI is usually slightly higher than the ARI. The CLI is computed with this formula:
Formula for calculating the Coleman-Liau Readability Index

It is notable that other indexes exist, such as the Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease, Gunning-Fog Score, and others, but we have chosen not to include them, since, contrary to the ARI and CLI, such other indexes are based on a syllable count and therefore arguably only work for English and not Swedish.

We compute a further compound lexical diversity index, which should range from 1 to a 100 (with the standard deviation being around 10, and its average value being around 50) - it is 64 in the present case. The compound lexical diversity index consists of the following indexes, averaged out (and also provided in the table above):

  • the Measure of Textual Lexical Diversity (MTLD) index - a measure which is based on computing the TTR for increasingly larger parts of the text until the TTR drops below a certain threshold point (around 0.7 in our case) - in which case, the TTR is reset, and the overall counter is increased; the counter is at the end divided by the number of words in text; as a result, the MTLD does not significantly vary by text length;
  • the Yule's I index (based on Yule's K characteristic inverted) - an index based on the work of the statistician G.U. Yule, who published his index of Frequency Vocabulary in his paper "The statistical study of literary vocabulary"; Yule's I takes into account the number of words in the text, and a compound summed measure of word frequency;
  • the Hypergeometric Distribution D (HD-D) index (based on vocd) - an index which assesses the contribution of each word to the diversity of the text; to calculate such contributions, a hypergeometric distribution is used to compute probabilities of each word appearing in word samples extracted from the text; then such distributions are divided by sample sizes and added up;

Our overall measure of grammatical diversity is based on a combination of the compound lexical diversity index (which includes the MTLD, Yule's I and HD-D indexes), the ARI and CLI, all normalized and given certain weight. The score should normally range from 1 to 100. In this case, the score is 47.

Other Information about Vildmarkens vår. Skildringar från Kongo av infödda lärare by

We provide you a sample of the text below, however, the full text of the Vildmarkens vår. Skildringar från Kongo av infödda lärare is also available free of charge on our website.

Sample of text:

» Frälsningen i Jesus Kristus. Av Daniel Mbanza. Daniel Mbanza är omkring 27 år gammal. Han föddes i byn Sini i närheten av Musana. Han kom med i dopskolan 1913 och döptes och förenades med församlingen följande år. Han har genomgått stationsskolan på Musana. Hans huvudsakligaste verksamhet såsom lärare har varit förlagd till skolan på Musana. Han erhöll certificat efter att ha genomgått ...

Top most frequently used words in Vildmarkens vår. Skildringar från Kongo av infödda lärare by *

Position Word Repetitions Part of all words
Position Word Repetitions Part of all words
1 och 2,134 3.51%
2 att 1,541 2.54%
3 de 1,114 1.83%
4 som 1,000 1.65%
5 till 762 1.25%
6 en 730 1.2%
7 av 702 1.16%
8 för 697 1.15%
9 det 673 1.11%
10 på 646 1.06%
11 han 587 0.97%
12 den 553 0.91%
13 med 501 0.83%
14 är 471 0.78%
15 om 433 0.71%
16 var 405 0.67%
17 vi 378 0.62%
18 ej 360 0.59%
19 sig 354 0.58%
20 då 327 0.54%
21 så 291 0.48%
22 vid 291 0.48%
23 dem 280 0.46%
24 skulle 261 0.43%
25 hade 254 0.42%
26 ett 252 0.41%
27 vita 241 0.4%
28 har 237 0.39%
29 oss 231 0.38%
30 Guds 210 0.35%
31 sin 207 0.34%
32 men 204 0.34%
33 jag 199 0.33%
34 eller 198 0.33%
35 man 198 0.33%
36 honom 187 0.31%
37 där 183 0.3%
38 nu 182 0.3%
39 mycket 175 0.29%
40 få 171 0.28%
41 från 170 0.28%
42 Gud 166 0.27%
43 hans 165 0.27%
44 alla 157 0.26%
45 tid 155 0.26%
46 detta 154 0.25%
47 många 149 0.25%
48 dessa 143 0.24%
49 ty 142 0.23%
50 voro 139 0.23%
51 sina 139 0.23%
52 ha 135 0.22%
53 vara 132 0.22%
54 denna 132 0.22%
55 hus 128 0.21%
56 började 125 0.21%
57 också 123 0.2%
58 fick 120 0.2%
59 andra 119 0.2%
60 äro 118 0.19%
61 ord 117 0.19%
62 efter 115 0.19%
63 sitt 114 0.19%
64 även 113 0.19%
65 någon 112 0.18%
66 kommo 112 0.18%
67 komma 111 0.18%
68 våra 111 0.18%
69 lärare 110 0.18%
70 gå 109 0.18%
71 allt 108 0.18%
72 utan 108 0.18%
73 människor 107 0.18%
74 skola 106 0.17%
75 ville 104 0.17%
76 skall 103 0.17%
77 barn 103 0.17%
78 kunde 102 0.17%
79 folket 102 0.17%
80 dock 101 0.17%
81 sedan 100 0.16%
82 något 99 0.16%
83 genom 99 0.16%
84 deras 98 0.16%
85 över 98 0.16%
86 se 95 0.16%
87 icke 94 0.15%
88 Kingoyi 93 0.15%
89 Jesus 92 0.15%
90 kom 92 0.15%
91 stor 91 0.15%
92 första 91 0.15%
93 tiden 87 0.14%
94 mig 86 0.14%
95 kommit 86 0.14%
96 åt 86 0.14%
97 år 86 0.14%
98 ock 86 0.14%
99 bygga 86 0.14%
100 folk 85 0.14%
101 måste 85 0.14%
102 under 84 0.14%
103 fingo 82 0.14%
104 skolan 81 0.13%
105 kunna 81 0.13%
106 vad 79 0.13%
107 inte 77 0.13%
108 arbete 77 0.13%
109 ut 77 0.13%
110 omkring 76 0.13%
111 här 76 0.13%
112 blev 75 0.12%
113 stora 74 0.12%
114 by 73 0.12%
115 gamla 73 0.12%
116 såsom 71 0.12%
117 vår 71 0.12%
118 ingen 70 0.12%
119 del 69 0.11%
120 kan 68 0.11%
121 upp 68 0.11%
122 missionärerna 68 0.11%
123 sätt 68 0.11%
124 du 65 0.11%
125 äta 65 0.11%
126 bliva 64 0.11%
127 byn 64 0.11%
128 plats 64 0.11%
129 olika 63 0.1%
130 än 63 0.1%
131 hava 63 0.1%
132 annan 61 0.1%
133 bland 61 0.1%
134 varit 60 0.1%
135 vilken 59 0.1%
136 dag 58 0.1%
137 namn 58 0.1%
138 väl 58 0.1%
139 blivit 58 0.1%
140 land 57 0.09%
141 får 57 0.09%
142 heller 55 0.09%
143 några 54 0.09%
144 lära 54 0.09%
145 vårt 54 0.09%
146 ännu 54 0.09%
147 två 53 0.09%
148 höra 53 0.09%
149 sade 53 0.09%
150 min 51 0.08%
151 förr 50 0.08%
152 själv 50 0.08%
153 in 49 0.08%
154 samma 49 0.08%
155 byar 48 0.08%
156 samt 48 0.08%
157 taga 48 0.08%
158 fått 48 0.08%
159 göra 48 0.08%
160 gick 48 0.08%
161 emot 48 0.08%
162 Kibunzi 46 0.08%
163 mot 46 0.08%
164 hon 46 0.08%
165 Herrens 46 0.08%
166 Kongo 45 0.07%
167 nog 44 0.07%
168 vill 43 0.07%
169 fråga 43 0.07%
170 rätt 43 0.07%
171 gingo 43 0.07%
172 Herren 43 0.07%
173 bort 43 0.07%
174 vilka 43 0.07%
175 byarna 42 0.07%
176 församlingen 42 0.07%

This list excludes punctuation or single-letter words, also some different-case repeats of the same words.

If you think the text would be accessible to you, you can read it on our site (click on the cover to access):

Cover of Vildmarkens vår. Skildringar från Kongo av infödda lärare by

Other resources and languages

If you like this analysis, you should have a look at out our lists of Swedish short stories and Swedish books.

If you like literature as a means to learn languages - please take a look at our project Interlinear Books. We even have a Swedish Interlinear book available for purchase.