Ur Minnet och Dagboken - Anteckningar från åren 1848-1898 - Andra delen by Bernhard Wadström : Difficulty Assessment for Swedish Learners

How difficult is Ur Minnet och Dagboken - Anteckningar från åren 1848-1898 - Andra delen for Swedish learners? We have performed multiple tests on its full text (freely available here) of approximately 124,969, crunched all the numbers for you and present the results below.

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Difficulty Assessment Summary

We have estimated Ur Minnet och Dagboken - Anteckningar från åren 1848-1898 - Andra delen to have a difficulty score of 71. Here're its scores:

Measure Score
easy difficult (1 - 100)
Overall Difficulty 71% 71
Vocabulary Difficulty 81% 81
Grammatical Difficulty 61% 61

Vocabulary Difficulty: Breakdown

81%

Vocabulary difficulty: 81%

This score has been calculated based on frequency vocabulary (the top most frequently used words in Swedish). It combines various measures of Ur Minnet och Dagboken - Anteckningar från åren 1848-1898 - Andra delen's text analyzed in terms of frequency vocabulary: a plain vocabulary score, frequency-weighted vocabulary score, banded frequency vocabulary scores based on vocabulary of the text falling in the top 1,000 or 2,000 most frequent words, etc. Here's a further breakdown of how often the top most frequently used words in Swedish appear in the full text of Ur Minnet och Dagboken - Anteckningar från åren 1848-1898 - Andra delen:

Vocabulary difficulty breakdown for Ur Minnet och Dagboken  - Anteckningar från åren 1848-1898  - Andra delen: a test for Swedish top frequency vocabulary

We have also calculated the following approximate data on the vocabulary in Ur Minnet och Dagboken - Anteckningar från åren 1848-1898 - Andra delen:

Measure Score
Measure Score
Number of words 124,969
Number of unique words 18,623
Number of recognized words for names/places/other entities 7,691
Number of very rare non-entity words 10,730
Number of sentences 20,013
Average number of words/sentence 6

There is some research suggesting that that you need to know about 98% of a text's vocabulary in order to be able to infer the meaning of unknown words when reading. If true, this means that you would need to know around 18,250 words (where all the forms of the word are still counted as unique words) in Swedish to be able to read Ur Minnet och Dagboken - Anteckningar från åren 1848-1898 - Andra delen without a dictionary and fully understand it.

Grammatical Difficulty: Breakdown

61%

Grammatical difficulty: 61%

Here is the further grammatical comparison on this text. You can find an explanation of all these scores below.

Measure Score
Measure Score
Automated Readability Index 4
Coleman-Liau Index 7
Type/Token Ratio (TTR) 0.149021
Root type/Token Ratio (RTTR) 0.00000119246
Corrected type/Token Ratio (CTTR) 0.000000596232
MTLD Index 82
HDD Index 73
Yule's I Index 97
Lexical Diversity Index (MTLD + HD-D + Yule's I) 84

The type-token ratio (TTR) of Ur Minnet och Dagboken - Anteckningar från åren 1848-1898 - Andra delen is 0.149021. The TTR is the most basic measure of lexical diversity. To calculate it, we divide the number of unique words by the number of words in the text. For example, for this text, the number of unique words is 18,623, while the number of words is 124,969, so the TTR is 18,623 / 124,969 = 0.149021. However, the TTR is a very crude measure, as it is extremely dependent on text length. The longer the text, the lower the TTR is usually going to be, since common words tend to often repeat. Especially since the number of words in this text is more than 1,000, the TTR is not likely to give an accurate measure.

The root type-token ratio (RTTR) and corrected type-token ratio (CTTR) are measures which were suggested by researchers to partially address the problem of TTR's variance on text length. In the RTTR, the number of unique words is divided by a square of the number of words (therefore, 18,623 / (124,969 * 124,969) = 0.00000119246), while in CTTR, it is divided by a square of the number of words, multiplied twice 18,623 / 2 * (124,969 * 124,969) = 0.000000596232). However, these measures are not as easily readable, and also there is a growing body of research asserting that CTTR and RTTR do not effectively address the problems of text length. Therefore, while we do provide the full text's TTR, RTTR and CTTR on this page, these fiqures do not form part of our final calculations.

The Automated Readability Index (ARI) is one readability measure that has been developed by researchers over the years. The formula for calculating the ARI is as follows:
Formula for calculating the Automated Readability Index

The ARI should compute a reading level approximately corresponding to the reader's grade level (assuming the reader undertakes formal education). Thus, for example, a value of 1 is kindergarten level, while a value of 12 or 13 is the last year of school, and 14 is a sophomore at college. The current ARI of this text is 4, making it understandable for 4-grade students at their expected level of education.

The Coleman Liau Index (CLI) is a similar index designed by Meri Coleman and T. L. Liau, and it is supposed to compute the grade level of the reader (thus, for example, sophomore level material would be around grade 14, or year 14 of formal education, while kindergarten / primary school level material would be close to grade 1 in the CLI). The CLI is usually slightly higher than the ARI. The CLI is computed with this formula:
Formula for calculating the Coleman-Liau Readability Index

It is notable that other indexes exist, such as the Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease, Gunning-Fog Score, and others, but we have chosen not to include them, since, contrary to the ARI and CLI, such other indexes are based on a syllable count and therefore arguably only work for English and not Swedish.

We compute a further compound lexical diversity index, which should range from 1 to a 100 (with the standard deviation being around 10, and its average value being around 50) - it is 84 in the present case. The compound lexical diversity index consists of the following indexes, averaged out (and also provided in the table above):

  • the Measure of Textual Lexical Diversity (MTLD) index - a measure which is based on computing the TTR for increasingly larger parts of the text until the TTR drops below a certain threshold point (around 0.7 in our case) - in which case, the TTR is reset, and the overall counter is increased; the counter is at the end divided by the number of words in text; as a result, the MTLD does not significantly vary by text length;
  • the Yule's I index (based on Yule's K characteristic inverted) - an index based on the work of the statistician G.U. Yule, who published his index of Frequency Vocabulary in his paper "The statistical study of literary vocabulary"; Yule's I takes into account the number of words in the text, and a compound summed measure of word frequency;
  • the Hypergeometric Distribution D (HD-D) index (based on vocd) - an index which assesses the contribution of each word to the diversity of the text; to calculate such contributions, a hypergeometric distribution is used to compute probabilities of each word appearing in word samples extracted from the text; then such distributions are divided by sample sizes and added up;

Our overall measure of grammatical diversity is based on a combination of the compound lexical diversity index (which includes the MTLD, Yule's I and HD-D indexes), the ARI and CLI, all normalized and given certain weight. The score should normally range from 1 to 100. In this case, the score is 61.

Other Information about Ur Minnet och Dagboken - Anteckningar från åren 1848-1898 - Andra delen by Bernhard Wadström

We provide you a sample of the text below, however, the full text of the Ur Minnet och Dagboken - Anteckningar från åren 1848-1898 - Andra delen is also available free of charge on our website.

Sample of text:

Han svarade: »I början hade alls ingen mod därtill, fastän Fj. fick många deltagande bref. Men så kom bruks- predikanten Lundqvist med en både bevisande och kvick * ICursiv. af prosten G. B. själf. Kursiv, af afskrifvaren.UPPSALA 1856. 229 broschyr. (En röst ur svenska folket till herr G. Br. . . Gäfle 1852.) Och sedermera uppträdde ännu flera till Fjell-stedts försvar. Denne hade dock redan förut varit vid godt mod; ty Herrens välbehag var hans tröst. — »Men Lunds domkapitel gaf väl G. Br. en skrapa för hans skrifsätt mot ...

Top most frequently used words in Ur Minnet och Dagboken - Anteckningar från åren 1848-1898 - Andra delen by Bernhard Wadström*

Position Word Repetitions Part of all words
Position Word Repetitions Part of all words
1 och 3,599 2.88%
2 att 2,199 1.76%
3 en 1,652 1.32%
4 som 1,614 1.29%
5 af 1,607 1.29%
6 den 1,265 1.01%
7 för 1,222 0.98%
8 till 1,213 0.97%
9 det 1,112 0.89%
10 de 1,085 0.87%
11 han 1,030 0.82%
12 997 0.8%
13 med 964 0.77%
14 jag 822 0.66%
15 791 0.63%
16 icke 772 0.62%
17 är 688 0.55%
18 om 663 0.53%
19 ett 642 0.51%
20 sig 640 0.51%
21 var 536 0.43%
22 hade 485 0.39%
23 sin 456 0.36%
24 444 0.36%
25 man 431 0.34%
26 har 429 0.34%
27 från 408 0.33%
28 men 402 0.32%
29 mig 399 0.32%
30 honom 396 0.32%
31 hans 392 0.31%
32 vid 369 0.3%
33 vi 361 0.29%
34 nu 343 0.27%
35 där 319 0.26%
36 alla 317 0.25%
37 dem 290 0.23%
38 oss 284 0.23%
39 skulle 284 0.23%
40 under 278 0.22%
41 äfven 277 0.22%
42 denna 275 0.22%
43 såsom 266 0.21%
44 eller 265 0.21%
45 samt 256 0.2%
46 utan 254 0.2%
47 ej 254 0.2%
48 hos 254 0.2%
49 skall 253 0.2%
50 detta 247 0.2%
51 efter 245 0.2%
52 allt 244 0.2%
53 Herren 244 0.2%
54 många 236 0.19%
55 Guds 235 0.19%
56 vara 232 0.19%
57 ha 228 0.18%
58 än 227 0.18%
59 ord 220 0.18%
60 andra 220 0.18%
61 genom 220 0.18%
62 mycket 215 0.17%
63 hon 214 0.17%
64 blef 208 0.17%
65 dessa 207 0.17%
66 min 204 0.16%
67 kan 200 0.16%
68 hvad 196 0.16%
69 du 193 0.15%
70 här 191 0.15%
71 någon 190 0.15%
72 år 185 0.15%
73 sina 185 0.15%
74 ännu 185 0.15%
75 mer 183 0.15%
76 183 0.15%
77 sedan 182 0.15%
78 kunde 181 0.14%
79 öfver 181 0.14%
80 sitt 179 0.14%
81 dock 179 0.14%
82 dag 178 0.14%
83 vår 168 0.13%
84 kunna 168 0.13%
85 Gud 168 0.13%
86 väl 164 0.13%
87 något 162 0.13%
88 några 160 0.13%
89 blott 160 0.13%
90 mot 159 0.13%
91 bland 158 0.13%
92 när 152 0.12%
93 gång 152 0.12%
94 varit 151 0.12%
95 dig 150 0.12%
96 äro 148 0.12%
97 ock 147 0.12%
98 sade 146 0.12%
99 hvilken 142 0.11%
100 samma 141 0.11%
101 hvilka 136 0.11%
102 tid 132 0.11%
103 själf 130 0.1%
104 vill 126 0.1%
105 voro 124 0.1%
106 måste 122 0.1%
107 fick 117 0.09%
108 blifvit 112 0.09%
109 skola 112 0.09%
110 huru 112 0.09%
111 dess 110 0.09%
112 kom 104 0.08%
113 ville 103 0.08%
114 DAGBOKSBLAD 102 0.08%
115 aldrig 102 0.08%
116 henne 101 0.08%
117 506 99 0.08%
118 åt 98 0.08%
119 inom 98 0.08%
120 hela 97 0.08%
121 vänner 97 0.08%
122 göra 95 0.08%
123 kyrkan 95 0.08%
124 stora 94 0.08%
125 ofta 94 0.08%
126 deras 92 0.07%
127 von 92 0.07%
128 Herrens 91 0.07%
129 89 0.07%
130 både 89 0.07%
131 fått 89 0.07%
132 vore 88 0.07%
133 ty 88 0.07%
134 Jesus 88 0.07%
135 tro 88 0.07%
136 endast 88 0.07%
137 stor 87 0.07%
138 upp 87 0.07%
139 del 86 0.07%
140 åter 84 0.07%
141 se 84 0.07%
142 kärlek 84 0.07%
143 83 0.07%
144 hennes 83 0.07%
145 kyrka 83 0.07%
146 första 83 0.07%
147 höra 82 0.07%
148 blifva 82 0.07%
149 komma 81 0.06%
150 redan 81 0.06%
151 Kristus 80 0.06%
152 ingen 80 0.06%
153 ur 80 0.06%
154 1856 80 0.06%
155 alltid 80 0.06%
156 helt 79 0.06%
157 två 79 0.06%
158 bref 79 0.06%
159 Rosenius 79 0.06%
160 följande 79 0.06%
161 ju 78 0.06%
162 DAGBOKEN 77 0.06%
163 flera 77 0.06%
164 rätt 77 0.06%

This list excludes punctuation or single-letter words, also some different-case repeats of the same words.

If you think the text would be accessible to you, you can read it on our site (click on the cover to access):

Cover of Ur Minnet och Dagboken  - Anteckningar från åren 1848-1898  - Andra delen by Bernhard Wadström

Other resources and languages

If you like this analysis, you should have a look at out our lists of Swedish short stories and Swedish books.

If you like literature as a means to learn languages - please take a look at our project Interlinear Books. We even have a Swedish Interlinear book available for purchase.