Literature analysis for language learners: Svenskt sjuttiotal - hågkomster från ungdomen (1871-1881) by Adam Lewenhaupt

Svenskt sjuttiotal - hågkomster från ungdomen (1871-1881) by Adam Lewenhaupt : Difficulty Assessment for Swedish Learners

How difficult is Svenskt sjuttiotal - hågkomster från ungdomen (1871-1881) for Swedish learners? We have performed multiple tests on its full text (freely available here) of approximately 65,112, crunched all the numbers for you and present the results below.

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Difficulty Assessment Summary

We have estimated Svenskt sjuttiotal - hågkomster från ungdomen (1871-1881) to have a difficulty score of 67. Here're its scores:

Measure Score
easy difficult (1 - 100)
Overall Difficulty 67% 67
Vocabulary Difficulty 80% 80
Grammatical Difficulty 54% 54

Vocabulary Difficulty: Breakdown

80%

Vocabulary difficulty: 80%

This score has been calculated based on frequency vocabulary (the top most frequently used words in Swedish). It combines various measures of Svenskt sjuttiotal - hågkomster från ungdomen (1871-1881)'s text analyzed in terms of frequency vocabulary: a plain vocabulary score, frequency-weighted vocabulary score, banded frequency vocabulary scores based on vocabulary of the text falling in the top 1,000 or 2,000 most frequent words, etc. Here's a further breakdown of how often the top most frequently used words in Swedish appear in the full text of Svenskt sjuttiotal - hågkomster från ungdomen (1871-1881):

Vocabulary difficulty breakdown for Svenskt sjuttiotal - hågkomster från ungdomen (1871-1881): a test for Swedish top frequency vocabulary

We have also calculated the following approximate data on the vocabulary in Svenskt sjuttiotal - hågkomster från ungdomen (1871-1881):

Measure Score
Measure Score
Number of words 65,112
Number of unique words 13,543
Number of recognized words for names/places/other entities 5,591
Number of very rare non-entity words 7,756
Number of sentences 13,108
Average number of words/sentence 5

There is some research suggesting that that you need to know about 98% of a text's vocabulary in order to be able to infer the meaning of unknown words when reading. If true, this means that you would need to know around 13,272 words (where all the forms of the word are still counted as unique words) in Swedish to be able to read Svenskt sjuttiotal - hågkomster från ungdomen (1871-1881) without a dictionary and fully understand it.

Grammatical Difficulty: Breakdown

54%

Grammatical difficulty: 54%

Here is the further grammatical comparison on this text. You can find an explanation of all these scores below.

Measure Score
Measure Score
Automated Readability Index 4
Coleman-Liau Index 7
Type/Token Ratio (TTR) 0.207995
Root type/Token Ratio (RTTR) 0.00000319443
Corrected type/Token Ratio (CTTR) 0.00000159721
MTLD Index 61
HDD Index 70
Yule's I Index 86
Lexical Diversity Index (MTLD + HD-D + Yule's I) 72

The type-token ratio (TTR) of Svenskt sjuttiotal - hågkomster från ungdomen (1871-1881) is 0.207995. The TTR is the most basic measure of lexical diversity. To calculate it, we divide the number of unique words by the number of words in the text. For example, for this text, the number of unique words is 13,543, while the number of words is 65,112, so the TTR is 13,543 / 65,112 = 0.207995. However, the TTR is a very crude measure, as it is extremely dependent on text length. The longer the text, the lower the TTR is usually going to be, since common words tend to often repeat. Especially since the number of words in this text is more than 1,000, the TTR is not likely to give an accurate measure.

The root type-token ratio (RTTR) and corrected type-token ratio (CTTR) are measures which were suggested by researchers to partially address the problem of TTR's variance on text length. In the RTTR, the number of unique words is divided by a square of the number of words (therefore, 13,543 / (65,112 * 65,112) = 0.00000319443), while in CTTR, it is divided by a square of the number of words, multiplied twice 13,543 / 2 * (65,112 * 65,112) = 0.00000159721). However, these measures are not as easily readable, and also there is a growing body of research asserting that CTTR and RTTR do not effectively address the problems of text length. Therefore, while we do provide the full text's TTR, RTTR and CTTR on this page, these fiqures do not form part of our final calculations.

The Automated Readability Index (ARI) is one readability measure that has been developed by researchers over the years. The formula for calculating the ARI is as follows:
Formula for calculating the Automated Readability Index

The ARI should compute a reading level approximately corresponding to the reader's grade level (assuming the reader undertakes formal education). Thus, for example, a value of 1 is kindergarten level, while a value of 12 or 13 is the last year of school, and 14 is a sophomore at college. The current ARI of this text is 4, making it understandable for 4-grade students at their expected level of education.

The Coleman Liau Index (CLI) is a similar index designed by Meri Coleman and T. L. Liau, and it is supposed to compute the grade level of the reader (thus, for example, sophomore level material would be around grade 14, or year 14 of formal education, while kindergarten / primary school level material would be close to grade 1 in the CLI). The CLI is usually slightly higher than the ARI. The CLI is computed with this formula:
Formula for calculating the Coleman-Liau Readability Index

It is notable that other indexes exist, such as the Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease, Gunning-Fog Score, and others, but we have chosen not to include them, since, contrary to the ARI and CLI, such other indexes are based on a syllable count and therefore arguably only work for English and not Swedish.

We compute a further compound lexical diversity index, which should range from 1 to a 100 (with the standard deviation being around 10, and its average value being around 50) - it is 72 in the present case. The compound lexical diversity index consists of the following indexes, averaged out (and also provided in the table above):

  • the Measure of Textual Lexical Diversity (MTLD) index - a measure which is based on computing the TTR for increasingly larger parts of the text until the TTR drops below a certain threshold point (around 0.7 in our case) - in which case, the TTR is reset, and the overall counter is increased; the counter is at the end divided by the number of words in text; as a result, the MTLD does not significantly vary by text length;
  • the Yule's I index (based on Yule's K characteristic inverted) - an index based on the work of the statistician G.U. Yule, who published his index of Frequency Vocabulary in his paper "The statistical study of literary vocabulary"; Yule's I takes into account the number of words in the text, and a compound summed measure of word frequency;
  • the Hypergeometric Distribution D (HD-D) index (based on vocd) - an index which assesses the contribution of each word to the diversity of the text; to calculate such contributions, a hypergeometric distribution is used to compute probabilities of each word appearing in word samples extracted from the text; then such distributions are divided by sample sizes and added up;

Our overall measure of grammatical diversity is based on a combination of the compound lexical diversity index (which includes the MTLD, Yule's I and HD-D indexes), the ARI and CLI, all normalized and given certain weight. The score should normally range from 1 to 100. In this case, the score is 54.

Other Information about Svenskt sjuttiotal - hågkomster från ungdomen (1871-1881) by Adam Lewenhaupt

We provide you a sample of the text below, however, the full text of the Svenskt sjuttiotal - hågkomster från ungdomen (1871-1881) is also available free of charge on our website.

Sample of text:

FRÅN UNGDOMEN AV ADAM LEWENHAUPTSVENSKT SJUTTIOTALSVENSKT SJUTTIOTAL HÅGKOMSTER FRÅN UNGDOMEN (1871—1881) AV ADAM LEWENHAUPT STOCKHOLM WAHLSTRÖM & WIDSTRAND STOCKHOLM 1937 Isaac Marcus Boktryckeri-Aktiebolag 377087 Tack vare allmänhetens välvilliga mottagande av mina i fjol utkomna »Hågkomster från barndomen», vari jag sökte skildra livet på en svensk herrgård under 1860-talet och vad därmed kunde stå i mer eller mindre sammanhang, kunde arrendatorn på Herrgölet i år få sin utlovade och välbehövliga nya ladugård, som annars torkat in på grund av den våldsamt upptrissade ...

Top most frequently used words in Svenskt sjuttiotal - hågkomster från ungdomen (1871-1881) by Adam Lewenhaupt*

Position Word Repetitions Part of all words
Position Word Repetitions Part of all words
1 och 1,963 3.01%
2 var 877 1.35%
3 en 848 1.3%
4 som 847 1.3%
5 på 806 1.24%
6 av 743 1.14%
7 att 662 1.02%
8 med 620 0.95%
9 det 617 0.95%
10 II 607 0.93%
11 han 544 0.84%
12 till 537 0.82%
13 den 514 0.79%
14 hade 492 0.76%
15 för 449 0.69%
16 jag 410 0.63%
17 ej 397 0.61%
18 ett 329 0.51%
19 de 297 0.46%
20 sig 292 0.45%
21 sin 287 0.44%
22 men 280 0.43%
23 von 278 0.43%
24 vid 261 0.4%
25 Carl 212 0.33%
26 så 209 0.32%
27 om 206 0.32%
28 då 201 0.31%
29 hans 200 0.31%
30 där 186 0.29%
31 greve 175 0.27%
32 honom 166 0.25%
33 voro 166 0.25%
34 min 161 0.25%
35 från 160 0.25%
36 man 156 0.24%
37 hon 149 0.23%
38 mig 149 0.23%
39 Lewenhaupt 148 0.23%
40 kunde 146 0.22%
41 fick 145 0.22%
42 inte 140 0.22%
43 under 130 0.2%
44 blev 129 0.2%
45 sina 126 0.19%
46 är 125 0.19%
47 mycket 121 0.19%
48 år 120 0.18%
49 vi 113 0.17%
50 sitt 112 0.17%
51 över 108 0.17%
52 varit 106 0.16%
53 andra 104 0.16%
54 även 102 0.16%
55 sedan 102 0.16%
56 har 102 0.16%
57 Gustaf 99 0.15%
58 skulle 96 0.15%
59 hos 96 0.15%
60 friherre 94 0.14%
61 gjorde 93 0.14%
62 än 93 0.14%
63 efter 91 0.14%
64 kom 87 0.13%
65 eller 87 0.13%
66 grevinna 87 0.13%
67 när 86 0.13%
68 utan 85 0.13%
69 gång 85 0.13%
70 Fredrik 85 0.13%
71 någon 85 0.13%
72 själv 84 0.13%
73 alla 79 0.12%
74 Sjöholm 79 0.12%
75 Stockholm 77 0.12%
76 dem 75 0.12%
77 vara 74 0.11%
78 tid 70 0.11%
79 många 69 0.11%
80 ofta 69 0.11%
81 något 68 0.1%
82 upp 66 0.1%
83 Claes 65 0.1%
84 hela 64 0.1%
85 mot 63 0.1%
86 få 63 0.1%
87 Johan 63 0.1%
88 hennes 62 0.1%
89 också 62 0.1%
90 några 61 0.09%
91 far 59 0.09%
92 in 57 0.09%
93 henne 57 0.09%
94 tiden 56 0.09%
95 par 56 0.09%
96 stora 55 0.08%
97 första 55 0.08%
98 denna 55 0.08%
99 samt 55 0.08%
100 åt 55 0.08%
101 senare 55 0.08%
102 icke 55 0.08%
103 Bonde 54 0.08%
104 kammarherre 53 0.08%
105 ut 53 0.08%
106 aldrig 53 0.08%
107 tog 52 0.08%
108 allt 52 0.08%
109 se 52 0.08%
110 Oscar 52 0.08%
111 kan 51 0.08%
112 oss 50 0.08%
113 pappa 49 0.08%
114 vad 48 0.07%
115 fanns 47 0.07%
116 detta 47 0.07%
117 ännu 47 0.07%
118 dagar 46 0.07%
119 Axel 46 0.07%
120 annat 46 0.07%
121 alltid 46 0.07%
122 gick 46 0.07%
123 Erik 45 0.07%
124 både 45 0.07%
125 annan 45 0.07%
126 dag 45 0.07%
127 besök 44 0.07%
128 ff 44 0.07%
129 nog 44 0.07%
130 litet 43 0.07%
131 vilket 43 0.07%
132 bland 43 0.07%
133 blivit 42 0.06%
134 Essen 42 0.06%
135 rätt 42 0.06%
136 såg 42 0.06%
137 Louise 42 0.06%
138 nu 42 0.06%
139 genom 42 0.06%
140 Charlotte 42 0.06%
141 mindre 41 0.06%
142 gärna 41 0.06%
143 ingen 41 0.06%
144 göra 40 0.06%
145 mest 40 0.06%
146 gamla 40 0.06%
147 blott 39 0.06%
148 samma 39 0.06%
149 ha 38 0.06%
150 mitt 37 0.06%
151 friherrinna 37 0.06%
152 fram 37 0.06%
153 konung 37 0.06%
154 Gyldenstolpe 37 0.06%
155 ganska 37 0.06%
156 född 37 0.06%
157 länge 37 0.06%
158 ville 36 0.06%
159 August 36 0.06%
160 1871 36 0.06%
161 vackra 36 0.06%
162 haft 36 0.06%
163 fått 35 0.05%
164 mellan 34 0.05%
165 äldre 33 0.05%
166 ansåg 33 0.05%
167 Beck 33 0.05%
168 helt 33 0.05%
169 Claestorp 32 0.05%
170 Friis 32 0.05%
171 kapten 32 0.05%
172 låg 32 0.05%
173 väl 31 0.05%
174 Hamilton 31 0.05%
175 af 31 0.05%
176 Plessen 31 0.05%
177 ju 31 0.05%

This list excludes punctuation or single-letter words, also some different-case repeats of the same words.

If you think the text would be accessible to you, you can read it on our site (click on the cover to access):

Cover of Svenskt sjuttiotal - hågkomster från ungdomen (1871-1881) by Adam Lewenhaupt

Other resources and languages

If you like this analysis, you should have a look at out our lists of Swedish short stories and Swedish books.

If you like literature as a means to learn languages - please take a look at our project Interlinear Books. We even have a Swedish Interlinear book available for purchase.