Konung Oscar II Skrifter by : Difficulty Assessment for Swedish Learners

How difficult is Konung Oscar II Skrifter for Swedish learners? We have performed multiple tests on its full text (freely available here) of approximately 71,628, crunched all the numbers for you and present the results below.

Read the Full Text Now for Free!

Difficulty Assessment Summary

We have estimated Konung Oscar II Skrifter to have a difficulty score of 71. Here're its scores:

Measure Score
easy difficult (1 - 100)
Overall Difficulty 71% 71
Vocabulary Difficulty 84% 84
Grammatical Difficulty 58% 58

Vocabulary Difficulty: Breakdown

84%

Vocabulary difficulty: 84%

This score has been calculated based on frequency vocabulary (the top most frequently used words in Swedish). It combines various measures of Konung Oscar II Skrifter's text analyzed in terms of frequency vocabulary: a plain vocabulary score, frequency-weighted vocabulary score, banded frequency vocabulary scores based on vocabulary of the text falling in the top 1,000 or 2,000 most frequent words, etc. Here's a further breakdown of how often the top most frequently used words in Swedish appear in the full text of Konung Oscar II Skrifter:

Vocabulary difficulty breakdown for Konung Oscar II Skrifter: a test for Swedish top frequency vocabulary

We have also calculated the following approximate data on the vocabulary in Konung Oscar II Skrifter:

Measure Score
Measure Score
Number of words 71,628
Number of unique words 13,478
Number of recognized words for names/places/other entities 3,290
Number of very rare non-entity words 4,249
Number of sentences 13,229
Average number of words/sentence 5

There is some research suggesting that that you need to know about 98% of a text's vocabulary in order to be able to infer the meaning of unknown words when reading. If true, this means that you would need to know around 13,208 words (where all the forms of the word are still counted as unique words) in Swedish to be able to read Konung Oscar II Skrifter without a dictionary and fully understand it.

Grammatical Difficulty: Breakdown

58%

Grammatical difficulty: 58%

Here is the further grammatical comparison on this text. You can find an explanation of all these scores below.

Measure Score
Measure Score
Automated Readability Index 3
Coleman-Liau Index 5
Type/Token Ratio (TTR) 0.188167
Root type/Token Ratio (RTTR) 0.000002627
Corrected type/Token Ratio (CTTR) 0.0000013135
MTLD Index 82
HDD Index 73
Yule's I Index 98
Lexical Diversity Index (MTLD + HD-D + Yule's I) 84

The type-token ratio (TTR) of Konung Oscar II Skrifter is 0.188167. The TTR is the most basic measure of lexical diversity. To calculate it, we divide the number of unique words by the number of words in the text. For example, for this text, the number of unique words is 13,478, while the number of words is 71,628, so the TTR is 13,478 / 71,628 = 0.188167. However, the TTR is a very crude measure, as it is extremely dependent on text length. The longer the text, the lower the TTR is usually going to be, since common words tend to often repeat. Especially since the number of words in this text is more than 1,000, the TTR is not likely to give an accurate measure.

The root type-token ratio (RTTR) and corrected type-token ratio (CTTR) are measures which were suggested by researchers to partially address the problem of TTR's variance on text length. In the RTTR, the number of unique words is divided by a square of the number of words (therefore, 13,478 / (71,628 * 71,628) = 0.000002627), while in CTTR, it is divided by a square of the number of words, multiplied twice 13,478 / 2 * (71,628 * 71,628) = 0.0000013135). However, these measures are not as easily readable, and also there is a growing body of research asserting that CTTR and RTTR do not effectively address the problems of text length. Therefore, while we do provide the full text's TTR, RTTR and CTTR on this page, these fiqures do not form part of our final calculations.

The Automated Readability Index (ARI) is one readability measure that has been developed by researchers over the years. The formula for calculating the ARI is as follows:
Formula for calculating the Automated Readability Index

The ARI should compute a reading level approximately corresponding to the reader's grade level (assuming the reader undertakes formal education). Thus, for example, a value of 1 is kindergarten level, while a value of 12 or 13 is the last year of school, and 14 is a sophomore at college. The current ARI of this text is 3, making it understandable for 3-grade students at their expected level of education.

The Coleman Liau Index (CLI) is a similar index designed by Meri Coleman and T. L. Liau, and it is supposed to compute the grade level of the reader (thus, for example, sophomore level material would be around grade 14, or year 14 of formal education, while kindergarten / primary school level material would be close to grade 1 in the CLI). The CLI is usually slightly higher than the ARI. The CLI is computed with this formula:
Formula for calculating the Coleman-Liau Readability Index

It is notable that other indexes exist, such as the Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease, Gunning-Fog Score, and others, but we have chosen not to include them, since, contrary to the ARI and CLI, such other indexes are based on a syllable count and therefore arguably only work for English and not Swedish.

We compute a further compound lexical diversity index, which should range from 1 to a 100 (with the standard deviation being around 10, and its average value being around 50) - it is 84 in the present case. The compound lexical diversity index consists of the following indexes, averaged out (and also provided in the table above):

  • the Measure of Textual Lexical Diversity (MTLD) index - a measure which is based on computing the TTR for increasingly larger parts of the text until the TTR drops below a certain threshold point (around 0.7 in our case) - in which case, the TTR is reset, and the overall counter is increased; the counter is at the end divided by the number of words in text; as a result, the MTLD does not significantly vary by text length;
  • the Yule's I index (based on Yule's K characteristic inverted) - an index based on the work of the statistician G.U. Yule, who published his index of Frequency Vocabulary in his paper "The statistical study of literary vocabulary"; Yule's I takes into account the number of words in the text, and a compound summed measure of word frequency;
  • the Hypergeometric Distribution D (HD-D) index (based on vocd) - an index which assesses the contribution of each word to the diversity of the text; to calculate such contributions, a hypergeometric distribution is used to compute probabilities of each word appearing in word samples extracted from the text; then such distributions are divided by sample sizes and added up;

Our overall measure of grammatical diversity is based on a combination of the compound lexical diversity index (which includes the MTLD, Yule's I and HD-D indexes), the ARI and CLI, all normalized and given certain weight. The score should normally range from 1 to 100. In this case, the score is 58.

Other Information about Konung Oscar II Skrifter by

We provide you a sample of the text below, however, the full text of the Konung Oscar II Skrifter is also available free of charge on our website.

Sample of text:

Det med min bror dock aldrig fallet är,. Och nu, då vi Antonio hafva åter, Du fått i honom än en världsklok vän. TASSO. Så var mitt hopp, men jag förtviflar nu^ Hur lärorikt hans samkväm kunnat vara, Hur ofta godt hans råd! Antonio har, Jag det bekänner, allt som fattas mig. Dock, hafva alla gudar sig förenat Att åt hans vagga bringa rika gåfvor, Så tyckas gratierna i stället saknats; Och den som ej de huldas ynnest vunnit, Han kan visst mycket äga, mycket gifva, Dock aldrig kan man hvila vid hans bröst.. PRINSESSAN. Men han förtjänar tillit. Det är nog! Af en och samma icke allt kan fordras. ...

Top most frequently used words in Konung Oscar II Skrifter by *

Position Word Repetitions Part of all words
Position Word Repetitions Part of all words
1 och 1,173 1.64%
2 jag 878 1.23%
3 som 709 0.99%
4 det 686 0.96%
5 ej 668 0.93%
6 den 657 0.92%
7 en 653 0.91%
8 han 646 0.9%
9 att 631 0.88%
10 till 607 0.85%
11 mig 581 0.81%
12 med 567 0.79%
13 är 561 0.78%
14 du 541 0.76%
15 af 475 0.66%
16 441 0.62%
17 dig 433 0.6%
18 för 393 0.55%
19 min 375 0.52%
20 de 346 0.48%
21 sin 330 0.46%
22 sig 319 0.45%
23 319 0.45%
24 har 272 0.38%
25 hans 270 0.38%
26 Men 251 0.35%
27 honom 246 0.34%
28 blott 226 0.32%
29 om 224 0.31%
30 ett 218 0.3%
31 än 211 0.29%
32 nu 210 0.29%
33 väl 208 0.29%
34 205 0.29%
35 var 192 0.27%
36 från 192 0.27%
37 man 189 0.26%
38 vill 186 0.26%
39 dem 180 0.25%
40 kan 179 0.25%
41 din 178 0.25%
42 oss 175 0.24%
43 skall 170 0.24%
44 hvad 166 0.23%
45 vid 166 0.23%
46 Cid 164 0.23%
47 mitt 163 0.23%
48 allt 158 0.22%
49 dock 153 0.21%
50 mot 143 0.2%
51 sitt 139 0.19%
52 vi 139 0.19%
53 dess 137 0.19%
54 hon 135 0.19%
55 TASSO 128 0.18%
56 mer 126 0.18%
57 denna 121 0.17%
58 120 0.17%
59 ock 117 0.16%
60 där 116 0.16%
61 här 116 0.16%
62 uti 115 0.16%
63 själf 113 0.16%
64 åt 111 0.15%
65 alla 109 0.15%
66 icke 106 0.15%
67 dag 98 0.14%
68 ditt 96 0.13%
69 När 96 0.13%
70 Ty 95 0.13%
71 ut 92 0.13%
72 vår 91 0.13%
73 ord 90 0.13%
74 sina 90 0.13%
75 er 90 0.13%
76 Hur 89 0.12%
77 blef 89 0.12%
78 detta 86 0.12%
79 ANTONIO 85 0.12%
80 ur 83 0.12%
81 åter 81 0.11%
82 andra 79 0.11%
83 bort 79 0.11%
84 mina 78 0.11%
85 LEONORA 77 0.11%
86 gång 77 0.11%
87 Ja 76 0.11%
88 hvar 75 0.1%
89 ser 75 0.1%
90 konung 73 0.1%
91 snart 71 0.1%
92 fram 70 0.1%
93 Don 70 0.1%
94 hjärta 70 0.1%
95 dessa 69 0.1%
96 PRINSESSAN 69 0.1%
97 kring 69 0.1%
98 hand 67 0.09%
99 vet 67 0.09%
100 öfver 67 0.09%
101 aldrig 66 0.09%
102 känner 66 0.09%
103 själ 65 0.09%
104 hvarje 63 0.09%
105 går 63 0.09%
106 utaf 63 0.09%
107 ingen 62 0.09%
108 vän 61 0.09%
109 upp 61 0.09%
110 måste 60 0.08%
111 emot 59 0.08%
112 se 59 0.08%
113 bland 59 0.08%
114 sista 57 0.08%
115 dina 57 0.08%
116 rätt 56 0.08%
117 vara 55 0.08%
118 Gud 54 0.08%
119 ära 53 0.07%
120 någon 53 0.07%
121 sköna 53 0.07%
122 deras 52 0.07%
123 ju 52 0.07%
124 Ack 52 0.07%
125 skulle 52 0.07%
126 tid 52 0.07%
127 redan 51 0.07%
128 blir 51 0.07%
129 Ximene 50 0.07%
130 hennes 50 0.07%
131 bröst 50 0.07%
132 mycket 49 0.07%
133 står 49 0.07%
134 länge 49 0.07%
135 sång 48 0.07%
136 ofta 48 0.07%
137 mera 48 0.07%
138 ädla 47 0.07%
139 strid 47 0.07%
140 under 47 0.07%
141 vänner 47 0.07%
142 eller 47 0.07%
143 Rodrigo 47 0.07%
144 tror 47 0.07%
145 äfven 47 0.07%
146 ännu 47 0.07%
147 ALPHONS 47 0.07%
148 intet 45 0.06%
149 stund 45 0.06%
150 kungen 45 0.06%
151 henne 44 0.06%

This list excludes punctuation or single-letter words, also some different-case repeats of the same words.

If you think the text would be accessible to you, you can read it on our site (click on the cover to access):

Cover of Konung Oscar II Skrifter by

Other resources and languages

If you like this analysis, you should have a look at out our lists of Swedish short stories and Swedish books.

If you like literature as a means to learn languages - please take a look at our project Interlinear Books. We even have a Swedish Interlinear book available for purchase.