Från svenska hem - Pennritningar af Klara Kuhlmann by Aurore von Haxthausen : Difficulty Assessment for Swedish Learners

How difficult is Från svenska hem - Pennritningar af Klara Kuhlmann for Swedish learners? We have performed multiple tests on its full text (freely available here) of approximately 70,861, crunched all the numbers for you and present the results below.

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Difficulty Assessment Summary

We have estimated Från svenska hem - Pennritningar af Klara Kuhlmann to have a difficulty score of 74. Here're its scores:

Measure Score
easy difficult (1 - 100)
Overall Difficulty 74% 74
Vocabulary Difficulty 87% 87
Grammatical Difficulty 61% 61

Vocabulary Difficulty: Breakdown

87%

Vocabulary difficulty: 87%

This score has been calculated based on frequency vocabulary (the top most frequently used words in Swedish). It combines various measures of Från svenska hem - Pennritningar af Klara Kuhlmann's text analyzed in terms of frequency vocabulary: a plain vocabulary score, frequency-weighted vocabulary score, banded frequency vocabulary scores based on vocabulary of the text falling in the top 1,000 or 2,000 most frequent words, etc. Here's a further breakdown of how often the top most frequently used words in Swedish appear in the full text of Från svenska hem - Pennritningar af Klara Kuhlmann:

Vocabulary difficulty breakdown for Från svenska hem  - Pennritningar af Klara Kuhlmann: a test for Swedish top frequency vocabulary

We have also calculated the following approximate data on the vocabulary in Från svenska hem - Pennritningar af Klara Kuhlmann:

Measure Score
Measure Score
Number of words 70,861
Number of unique words 13,108
Number of recognized words for names/places/other entities 3,461
Number of very rare non-entity words 4,458
Number of sentences 11,049
Average number of words/sentence 6

There is some research suggesting that that you need to know about 98% of a text's vocabulary in order to be able to infer the meaning of unknown words when reading. If true, this means that you would need to know around 12,845 words (where all the forms of the word are still counted as unique words) in Swedish to be able to read Från svenska hem - Pennritningar af Klara Kuhlmann without a dictionary and fully understand it.

Grammatical Difficulty: Breakdown

61%

Grammatical difficulty: 61%

Here is the further grammatical comparison on this text. You can find an explanation of all these scores below.

Measure Score
Measure Score
Automated Readability Index 4
Coleman-Liau Index 8
Type/Token Ratio (TTR) 0.184982
Root type/Token Ratio (RTTR) 0.00000261049
Corrected type/Token Ratio (CTTR) 0.00000130524
MTLD Index 88
HDD Index 70
Yule's I Index 86
Lexical Diversity Index (MTLD + HD-D + Yule's I) 81

The type-token ratio (TTR) of Från svenska hem - Pennritningar af Klara Kuhlmann is 0.184982. The TTR is the most basic measure of lexical diversity. To calculate it, we divide the number of unique words by the number of words in the text. For example, for this text, the number of unique words is 13,108, while the number of words is 70,861, so the TTR is 13,108 / 70,861 = 0.184982. However, the TTR is a very crude measure, as it is extremely dependent on text length. The longer the text, the lower the TTR is usually going to be, since common words tend to often repeat. Especially since the number of words in this text is more than 1,000, the TTR is not likely to give an accurate measure.

The root type-token ratio (RTTR) and corrected type-token ratio (CTTR) are measures which were suggested by researchers to partially address the problem of TTR's variance on text length. In the RTTR, the number of unique words is divided by a square of the number of words (therefore, 13,108 / (70,861 * 70,861) = 0.00000261049), while in CTTR, it is divided by a square of the number of words, multiplied twice 13,108 / 2 * (70,861 * 70,861) = 0.00000130524). However, these measures are not as easily readable, and also there is a growing body of research asserting that CTTR and RTTR do not effectively address the problems of text length. Therefore, while we do provide the full text's TTR, RTTR and CTTR on this page, these fiqures do not form part of our final calculations.

The Automated Readability Index (ARI) is one readability measure that has been developed by researchers over the years. The formula for calculating the ARI is as follows:
Formula for calculating the Automated Readability Index

The ARI should compute a reading level approximately corresponding to the reader's grade level (assuming the reader undertakes formal education). Thus, for example, a value of 1 is kindergarten level, while a value of 12 or 13 is the last year of school, and 14 is a sophomore at college. The current ARI of this text is 4, making it understandable for 4-grade students at their expected level of education.

The Coleman Liau Index (CLI) is a similar index designed by Meri Coleman and T. L. Liau, and it is supposed to compute the grade level of the reader (thus, for example, sophomore level material would be around grade 14, or year 14 of formal education, while kindergarten / primary school level material would be close to grade 1 in the CLI). The CLI is usually slightly higher than the ARI. The CLI is computed with this formula:
Formula for calculating the Coleman-Liau Readability Index

It is notable that other indexes exist, such as the Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease, Gunning-Fog Score, and others, but we have chosen not to include them, since, contrary to the ARI and CLI, such other indexes are based on a syllable count and therefore arguably only work for English and not Swedish.

We compute a further compound lexical diversity index, which should range from 1 to a 100 (with the standard deviation being around 10, and its average value being around 50) - it is 81 in the present case. The compound lexical diversity index consists of the following indexes, averaged out (and also provided in the table above):

  • the Measure of Textual Lexical Diversity (MTLD) index - a measure which is based on computing the TTR for increasingly larger parts of the text until the TTR drops below a certain threshold point (around 0.7 in our case) - in which case, the TTR is reset, and the overall counter is increased; the counter is at the end divided by the number of words in text; as a result, the MTLD does not significantly vary by text length;
  • the Yule's I index (based on Yule's K characteristic inverted) - an index based on the work of the statistician G.U. Yule, who published his index of Frequency Vocabulary in his paper "The statistical study of literary vocabulary"; Yule's I takes into account the number of words in the text, and a compound summed measure of word frequency;
  • the Hypergeometric Distribution D (HD-D) index (based on vocd) - an index which assesses the contribution of each word to the diversity of the text; to calculate such contributions, a hypergeometric distribution is used to compute probabilities of each word appearing in word samples extracted from the text; then such distributions are divided by sample sizes and added up;

Our overall measure of grammatical diversity is based on a combination of the compound lexical diversity index (which includes the MTLD, Yule's I and HD-D indexes), the ARI and CLI, all normalized and given certain weight. The score should normally range from 1 to 100. In this case, the score is 61.

Other Information about Från svenska hem - Pennritningar af Klara Kuhlmann by Aurore von Haxthausen

We provide you a sample of the text below, however, the full text of the Från svenska hem - Pennritningar af Klara Kuhlmann is also available free of charge on our website.

Sample of text:

Yid årets slut emottog fru Mimmi regelbundet hvar julafton sin belö-ning, bestående af ett mörkt taft till klädning och en hatt, och sådant är ju alltid bra att hafva. Hos tant Barbara åter var assessorskan ovärderlig, såsom den der kunde spänna sina små, skarpa ögon i den nya kokerskan då hon skulle antagas och med mönstrande kännareblick se hvad hon dugde till. Alltid fans det för öfrigt trasiga knapphål i Thures skjortor, och sådana var assessorskan en mästarinna uti att sy. Summan äf detta blef, att generalskan gerna »tog hand om henne», kallade henne Mimmi och bad henne anse sig som hvardagsgäst när hon sjelf ville. Allt det der gick för sig, men en svårighet ...

Top most frequently used words in Från svenska hem - Pennritningar af Klara Kuhlmann by Aurore von Haxthausen*

Position Word Repetitions Part of all words
Position Word Repetitions Part of all words
1 och 2,241 3.16%
2 att 1,137 1.6%
3 en 1,126 1.59%
4 det 946 1.34%
5 943 1.33%
6 med 901 1.27%
7 som 899 1.27%
8 hon 884 1.25%
9 den 883 1.25%
10 sig 702 0.99%
11 af 692 0.98%
12 de 680 0.96%
13 till 620 0.87%
14 559 0.79%
15 sin 494 0.7%
16 för 474 0.67%
17 jag 469 0.66%
18 ett 461 0.65%
19 var 422 0.6%
20 är 381 0.54%
21 hade 347 0.49%
22 han 322 0.45%
23 der 310 0.44%
24 om 302 0.43%
25 lilla 297 0.42%
26 hennes 284 0.4%
27 du 260 0.37%
28 men 253 0.36%
29 nu 246 0.35%
30 mig 240 0.34%
31 227 0.32%
32 henne 222 0.31%
33 vid 214 0.3%
34 man 212 0.3%
35 icke 205 0.29%
36 sina 203 0.29%
37 under 201 0.28%
38 från 201 0.28%
39 upp 194 0.27%
40 skulle 193 0.27%
41 ut 181 0.26%
42 ju 178 0.25%
43 öfver 175 0.25%
44 ej 170 0.24%
45 Elisa 169 0.24%
46 Ruth 169 0.24%
47 min 167 0.24%
48 in 160 0.23%
49 när 159 0.22%
50 har 158 0.22%
51 inte 157 0.22%
52 sitt 153 0.22%
53 efter 153 0.22%
54 stora 142 0.2%
55 ned 140 0.2%
56 alla 139 0.2%
57 vi 138 0.19%
58 än 129 0.18%
59 Edvard 128 0.18%
60 dem 120 0.17%
61 åt 120 0.17%
62 hvad 119 0.17%
63 här 118 0.17%
64 väl 118 0.17%
65 se 114 0.16%
66 denna 113 0.16%
67 såg 112 0.16%
68 något 110 0.16%
69 fram 109 0.15%
70 kan 109 0.15%
71 skall 106 0.15%
72 litet 103 0.15%
73 Ja 103 0.15%
74 små 102 0.14%
75 hans 97 0.14%
76 sjelf 97 0.14%
77 ur 97 0.14%
78 dig 96 0.14%
79 ögon 96 0.14%
80 allt 96 0.14%
81 mot 95 0.13%
82 gamla 94 0.13%
83 vara 92 0.13%
84 sedan 92 0.13%
85 91 0.13%
86 detta 86 0.12%
87 några 86 0.12%
88 mycket 85 0.12%
89 dessa 85 0.12%
90 kom 83 0.12%
91 ännu 81 0.11%
92 också 81 0.11%
93 honom 80 0.11%
94 sade 80 0.11%
95 liten 79 0.11%
96 hafva 75 0.11%
97 började 74 0.1%
98 andra 73 0.1%
99 gick 72 0.1%
100 kunde 71 0.1%
101 gång 70 0.1%
102 huru 70 0.1%
103 dag 70 0.1%
104 69 0.1%
105 ord 68 0.1%
106 tog 67 0.09%
107 alltid 66 0.09%
108 bort 66 0.09%
109 hand 66 0.09%
110 någon 66 0.09%
111 blifvit 66 0.09%
112 eller 65 0.09%
113 två 65 0.09%
114 svarade 64 0.09%
115 hela 64 0.09%
116 genom 64 0.09%
117 blott 63 0.09%
118 hvilken 63 0.09%
119 par 63 0.09%
120 unga 63 0.09%
121 äro 62 0.09%
122 kära 62 0.09%
123 stod 62 0.09%
124 deras 61 0.09%
125 friherrinnan 61 0.09%
126 alldeles 60 0.08%
127 Thérése 59 0.08%
128 göra 59 0.08%
129 oss 59 0.08%
130 mera 58 0.08%
131 fröken 58 0.08%
132 varit 57 0.08%
133 aldrig 57 0.08%
134 Agneta 57 0.08%
135 ser 56 0.08%
136 ingen 55 0.08%
137 blick 55 0.08%
138 voro 55 0.08%
139 helt 55 0.08%
140 blef 54 0.08%
141 säga 53 0.07%
142 tid 53 0.07%
143 just 53 0.07%
144 mor 53 0.07%
145 fortfor 51 0.07%
146 såsom 51 0.07%
147 omkring 51 0.07%
148 stund 51 0.07%
149 år 51 0.07%
150 ty 51 0.07%
151 vill 50 0.07%
152 moster 50 0.07%
153 nästan 49 0.07%
154 handen 49 0.07%
155 Margretha 49 0.07%
156 hvita 49 0.07%
157 tror 48 0.07%
158 barn 48 0.07%
159 mer 47 0.07%
160 fru 47 0.07%
161 samma 47 0.07%
162 mellan 46 0.06%
163 skyndade 46 0.06%
164 hos 45 0.06%
165 komma 45 0.06%
166 nog 44 0.06%
167 utan 44 0.06%
168 godt 43 0.06%
169 redan 43 0.06%
170 dörren 42 0.06%
171 god 41 0.06%
172 ofta 41 0.06%
173 medan 41 0.06%
174 visst 41 0.06%
175 hvilka 41 0.06%
176 glad 41 0.06%
177 ögonen 41 0.06%
178 steg 41 0.06%
179 leende 41 0.06%
180 tänkte 41 0.06%
181 låg 40 0.06%
182 emot 40 0.06%

This list excludes punctuation or single-letter words, also some different-case repeats of the same words.

If you think the text would be accessible to you, you can read it on our site (click on the cover to access):

Cover of Från svenska hem  - Pennritningar af Klara Kuhlmann by Aurore von Haxthausen

Other resources and languages

If you like this analysis, you should have a look at out our lists of Swedish short stories and Swedish books.

If you like literature as a means to learn languages - please take a look at our project Interlinear Books. We even have a Swedish Interlinear book available for purchase.