Axel Fersen och Marie Antoinette. Historisk romantisk skildring by Sara Pfeiffer : Difficulty Assessment for Swedish Learners

How difficult is Axel Fersen och Marie Antoinette. Historisk romantisk skildring for Swedish learners? We have performed multiple tests on its full text (freely available here) of approximately 72,687, crunched all the numbers for you and present the results below.

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Difficulty Assessment Summary

We have estimated Axel Fersen och Marie Antoinette. Historisk romantisk skildring to have a difficulty score of 65. Here're its scores:

Measure		Score
	easy difficult	(1 - 100)
Overall Difficulty	65%	65
Vocabulary Difficulty	70%	70
Grammatical Difficulty	60%	60

Vocabulary Difficulty: Breakdown

70%

Vocabulary difficulty: 70%

This score has been calculated based on frequency vocabulary (the top most frequently used words in Swedish). It combines various measures of Axel Fersen och Marie Antoinette. Historisk romantisk skildring's text analyzed in terms of frequency vocabulary: a plain vocabulary score, frequency-weighted vocabulary score, banded frequency vocabulary scores based on vocabulary of the text falling in the top 1,000 or 2,000 most frequent words, etc. Here's a further breakdown of how often the top most frequently used words in Swedish appear in the full text of Axel Fersen och Marie Antoinette. Historisk romantisk skildring:

We have also calculated the following approximate data on the vocabulary in Axel Fersen och Marie Antoinette. Historisk romantisk skildring:

Measure	Score
Measure	Score
Number of words	72,687
Number of unique words	10,544
Number of recognized words for names/places/other entities	3,808
Number of very rare non-entity words	3,562
Number of sentences	4,027
Average number of words/sentence	18

There is some research suggesting that that you need to know about 98% of a text's vocabulary in order to be able to infer the meaning of unknown words when reading. If true, this means that you would need to know around 10,333 words (where all the forms of the word are still counted as unique words) in Swedish to be able to read Axel Fersen och Marie Antoinette. Historisk romantisk skildring without a dictionary and fully understand it.

Grammatical Difficulty: Breakdown

60%

Grammatical difficulty: 60%

Here is the further grammatical comparison on this text. You can find an explanation of all these scores below.

Measure	Score
Measure	Score
Automated Readability Index	10
Coleman-Liau Index	10
Type/Token Ratio (TTR)	0.14506
Root type/Token Ratio (RTTR)	0.00000199568
Corrected type/Token Ratio (CTTR)	0.000000997842
MTLD Index	62
HDD Index	65
Yule's I Index	72
Lexical Diversity Index (MTLD + HD-D + Yule's I)	66

The type-token ratio (TTR) of Axel Fersen och Marie Antoinette. Historisk romantisk skildring is 0.14506. The TTR is the most basic measure of lexical diversity. To calculate it, we divide the number of unique words by the number of words in the text. For example, for this text, the number of unique words is 10,544, while the number of words is 72,687, so the TTR is 10,544 / 72,687 = 0.14506. However, the TTR is a very crude measure, as it is extremely dependent on text length. The longer the text, the lower the TTR is usually going to be, since common words tend to often repeat. Especially since the number of words in this text is more than 1,000, the TTR is not likely to give an accurate measure.

The root type-token ratio (RTTR) and corrected type-token ratio (CTTR) are measures which were suggested by researchers to partially address the problem of TTR's variance on text length. In the RTTR, the number of unique words is divided by a square of the number of words (therefore, 10,544 / (72,687 * 72,687) = 0.00000199568), while in CTTR, it is divided by a square of the number of words, multiplied twice 10,544 / 2 * (72,687 * 72,687) = 0.000000997842). However, these measures are not as easily readable, and also there is a growing body of research asserting that CTTR and RTTR do not effectively address the problems of text length. Therefore, while we do provide the full text's TTR, RTTR and CTTR on this page, these fiqures do not form part of our final calculations.

The Automated Readability Index (ARI) is one readability measure that has been developed by researchers over the years. The formula for calculating the ARI is as follows:

The ARI should compute a reading level approximately corresponding to the reader's grade level (assuming the reader undertakes formal education). Thus, for example, a value of 1 is kindergarten level, while a value of 12 or 13 is the last year of school, and 14 is a sophomore at college. The current ARI of this text is 10, making it understandable for 10-grade students at their expected level of education.

The Coleman Liau Index (CLI) is a similar index designed by Meri Coleman and T. L. Liau, and it is supposed to compute the grade level of the reader (thus, for example, sophomore level material would be around grade 14, or year 14 of formal education, while kindergarten / primary school level material would be close to grade 1 in the CLI). The CLI is usually slightly higher than the ARI. The CLI is computed with this formula:

It is notable that other indexes exist, such as the Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease, Gunning-Fog Score, and others, but we have chosen not to include them, since, contrary to the ARI and CLI, such other indexes are based on a syllable count and therefore arguably only work for English and not Swedish.

We compute a further compound lexical diversity index, which should range from 1 to a 100 (with the standard deviation being around 10, and its average value being around 50) - it is 66 in the present case. The compound lexical diversity index consists of the following indexes, averaged out (and also provided in the table above):

• the Measure of Textual Lexical Diversity (MTLD) index - a measure which is based on computing the TTR for increasingly larger parts of the text until the TTR drops below a certain threshold point (around 0.7 in our case) - in which case, the TTR is reset, and the overall counter is increased; the counter is at the end divided by the number of words in text; as a result, the MTLD does not significantly vary by text length;
• the Yule's I index (based on Yule's K characteristic inverted) - an index based on the work of the statistician G.U. Yule, who published his index of Frequency Vocabulary in his paper "The statistical study of literary vocabulary"; Yule's I takes into account the number of words in the text, and a compound summed measure of word frequency;
• the Hypergeometric Distribution D (HD-D) index (based on vocd) - an index which assesses the contribution of each word to the diversity of the text; to calculate such contributions, a hypergeometric distribution is used to compute probabilities of each word appearing in word samples extracted from the text; then such distributions are divided by sample sizes and added up;

Our overall measure of grammatical diversity is based on a combination of the compound lexical diversity index (which includes the MTLD, Yule's I and HD-D indexes), the ARI and CLI, all normalized and given certain weight. The score should normally range from 1 to 100. In this case, the score is 60.

Other Information about Axel Fersen och Marie Antoinette. Historisk romantisk skildring by Sara Pfeiffer

We provide you a sample of the text below, however, the full text of the Axel Fersen och Marie Antoinette. Historisk romantisk skildring is also available free of charge on our website.

Sample of text:

— Drick, gamla flicka, det skall göra dig godt — sade mäster Alström. — Du slipper inte undan. Lefve Hogland! Och jungfru Alström smuttade på sitt vin och kom i en sinnesstämning, så att hon anförtrodde Herr Markman, att hon i sin ungdom varit en firad skönhet, hvarpå hon kastade några glittrande tårar omkring sig och sade, att hon skulle varit mycket lycklig, om hon blott behållit qvar sin förgylda stol. Det var ett lif och ett jubel i den lilla kammaren! Skräddarmästaren svor på, att han var den sällaste menniska under solen och att det väl icke skulle dröja länge, innan han stod vid sitt mål, och Fredrik Markman hade icke något att invända samt kom ett par gånger till att trycka Elise Berntssons hand. Det var ett prat och ett skratt och fru Alström förundrade sig öfver, att hon fick tala så mycket hon ville, och hon gjorde detta till sin innerliga förnöjelse, utan att kanske någon synnerligen hörde på henne; och så begrät hon de döda och skrattade med de lefvande. * TJUGOSJUNDE KAPITLET. — Ja, ni fick icke resa — sade Marie Antoinette, i det hon småleende blickade på Axel Fersen. — Ni har en gång gifvit er till min undersåte och ni vet, att jag fordrar blind lydnad. Jag är envåldsherrskarinna här på Trianon! — Hon talade glädtigt och gjorde en liten paus, hvarpå hon hastigt tillade: — Men så tala då, grefve, jag tycker icke om er tystnad! — Jag känner missnöje med mig sjelf. — Ah, man kan då aldrig lita på sina undersåtare, de äro alltid färdiga att konspirera... kanske tänker ni på att göra revolt! — Det är för sent... kriget är börjadt. — Nåväl, herr Fersen, jag säger, att det är en glädje för mig att veta er fredad. Han gick fram och tillbaka vid drottningens sida på trädgårdsterrassen och han såg icke upp, då han svarade: — Men jag kan ej glömma, att mina landsmän kämpa och strida. — Hör på, herr Fersen, om ni ej lyssnat på er konungs kallelse, är det derför, att ni icke gillar, det han inlåtit sig i ett oförståndigt krig. Ni eger rätt att icke gilla och att visa detta, ty ni är fransk undersåte, så länge ni har ert regemente här. ...

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Other resources and languages

If you like this analysis, you should have a look at out our lists of Swedish short stories and Swedish books.

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